2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganism and are involved in sensing endogenous danger signals. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved receptors are homologues of the Drosophila Toll protein, discovered to be important for defense against microbial infection. TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs), which are exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-154438
    RDR 02308
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    RDR 02308 is a TLR4-MyD88 binding inhibitor that inhibits full-length β-lactamase.
    RDR 02308
  • HY-150729A
    ODN 1982 sodium
    		99.04%
    ODN 1982 sodium is a unmethylated oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) with no CpG motif, and can be used to prepare DNA vaccines. ODN 1982 sodium inhibits R-848 signaling. ODN 1982 sequence: 5’-tccaggacttctctcaggtt-3’.
    ODN 1982 sodium
  • HY-N8413
    Chlojaponilactone B
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Chlojaponilactone B is a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid with anti-inflammatory properties. Chlojaponilactone B suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR4 and subsequently decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, downregulating the NF-κB, thus reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines iNOS, NO, COX-2, IL-6 and TNF-α.
    Chlojaponilactone B
  • HY-D1056A5
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli K-235
    		Activator
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli (Escherichia coli) K-235 are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators derived from E. coli, classified as S-type LPS, which can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and induce cellular secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli K-235 exhibit a typical three-part structure: O-antigen (O-antigen), core oligosaccharide (core oligosaccharide), and lipid A (Lipid A). Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli K-235 have a mitogenic effect on C57BL/10ScN spleen cells. Additionally, LPS purified using butanol and deoxycholic acid methods stimulates spleen cells in C57BL/10ScCR and C3H/HeJ mice.
    It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli K-235
  • HY-160230
    ssRNA41 sodium
    		Chemical
    ssRNA41 sodium is a 20-mer phosphothioate protected single-stranded RNA oligonucleotide. It derives from ssRNA40 by replacement of all U nucleotides with adenosine. ssRNA41 sodium is unable to induce the production of type IFNs, and therefore can be used as a negative control for ssRNA40.
    ssRNA41 sodium
  • HY-172967A
    (R)-SARM1-IN-5
    		Control
    (R)-SARM1-IN-5 is the (R)-enantiomer of SARM1-IN-5 (HY-172967). SARM1-IN-5 (compound 1-23-a) is a SARM1 inhibitor. SARM1-IN-5 can be used in the study of axonal degeneration related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS).
    (R)-SARM1-IN-5
  • HY-148511
    Vidutolimod
    		Agonist
    Vidutolimod (CMP-001) is a virus-like particle containing a TLR9 activator. Vidutolimod induces human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete IFNα, and upregulates the gene expression of CXCL10, PDL1, IDO and CD80. Vidutolimod activates TLR9, which in turn triggers plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation, production of IFNγ and TNFα, induction of CXCL10, and recruitment of antitumor T cells. Vidutolimod causes influenza-like symptoms, hypotension and tumor regression, and its activity depends on the presence of anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod modulates monocyte function, promotes CD4 T cell proliferation, and activates multiple immune cell types in an environment with anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Vidutolimod is used in research related to advanced melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
    Vidutolimod
  • HY-RS14591
    Tlr6 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Tlr6 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Tlr6 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Tlr6 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-N7088R
    Raffinose (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Raffinose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Raffinose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Raffinose (Melitose) regulates intestinal flora, inhibits TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway, and activates Nrf2 signaling pathway. Raffinose exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Raffinose is orally active.
    Raffinose (Standard)
  • HY-N12110
    SMU-CX1
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    SMU-CX1 is a specific TLR3 inhibitor (IC50: 0.11 μM) with IC50 ranging from 0.14-0.33 μM against multiple influenza A virus subtypes. SMU-CX1 inhibits the viral PB2 and NP proteins with an IC50 of 0.43 μM for SARS-CoV-2 activity. SMU-CX1 also inhibits inflammatory factors in host cells, including IFN-β, IP-10, and CCL-5.
    SMU-CX1
  • HY-N9347
    Stepharine
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Stepharine, an natural alkaloid, directly interactes with TLR4 and binds to the TLR4/MD2 complex (TLR4 inhibitor). Stepharine possesses anti-aging, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive effects.
    Stepharine
  • HY-P1180
    Pam3CSK4
    		Agonist
    Pam3CSK4 is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.
    Pam3CSK4
  • HY-D1056B2
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators derived from Proteus mirabilis, classified as S-type LPS, which can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and induce cellular secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis exhibit a typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Proteus mirabilis is a major pathogen causing urinary tract infections and may also contribute to rheumatoid arthritis. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis also exhibit potential anti-tumor effects, demonstrating in vivo inhibitory activity against solid tumors such as meningosarcoma and Walker carcinosarcoma.
    It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.
    Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis
  • HY-176487
    SARM1-IN-6
    SARM1-IN-6 (Compound 22b) is a brain-permeable SARM1 orthosteric inhibitor, the IC50 of SARM1-IN-6 against NAM is 0.069 μM.
    SARM1-IN-6
  • HY-10018
    Toll-like receptor modulator
    		Modulator 99.36%
    Toll-like receptor modulator is a modulator of TLR7/8, which modulates immune function.
    Toll-like receptor modulator
  • HY-RS14581
    Tlr2 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Tlr2 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Tlr2 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Tlr2 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-182500
    SARM1-IN-9
    		98.42%
    SARM1-IN-9 (Compound MY-13B) is a stereoselective SARM1 inhibitor. SARM1-IN-9 is applicable to research related to axon degeneration-dependent neurological diseases.
    SARM1-IN-9
  • HY-150748
    ODN D-SL01
    		Agonist 99.94%
    ODN D-SL01, a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR9 agonist. ODN D-SL01 has strong immunostimulatory activity in a variety of vertebrate species and has anticancer activity. ODN D-SL01 sequence: 5'- T-C-G-C-G-A-C-G-T-T-C-G-C-C-C-G-A-C-G-T-T-C-G-G-T-A-3'.
    ODN D-SL01
  • HY-111782
    8-Mercaptoguanosine
    		Activator 98.0%
    8-Mercaptoguanosine is an immunoadjuvant that affects the in vivo antibody response to the T-cell-independent antigen TNP-Ficoll. 8-Mercaptoguanosine enhances IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibody responses, but has no effect on IgM antibody responses. 8-Mercaptoguanosine also enhances antibody responses to very weak antigens such as pneumococcal polysaccharide and restores antibody responses in immunodeficient xid mice that are non-reactive to TNP-Ficoll.
    8-Mercaptoguanosine
  • HY-NP134
    Flagellin from S. typhimurium
    		Agonist
    Flagellin from S. typhimurium is a potent TLR5 agonist. Flagellin from S. typhimurium activates immune cells and inhibits the activity of melanoma cells. Flagellin from S. typhimurium activates the NF-κB pathway dependent on the TLR5/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling axis in cells. Flagellin from S. typhimurium induces a proinflammatory response in the primary chicken hepatocyte-nonparenchymal cell co-culture system by promoting IL-8 production, inhibiting IL-10 production, and increasing the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio. Flagellin from S. typhimurium can be used for research on melanoma and inflammatory diseases.
    Flagellin from S. typhimurium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison

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